Moscow / 1968 / Computer animation experiment

Kitty

THE FIRST DIGITAL CAT.

Before the internet. Before digital memes. Before generative AI. In 1968, a group of mathematicians taught a computer to animate a cat.

Original 1968 KITTY, a dark computer-printed cat walking on faded green film
Fig. 01 — KITTY / 1968
Motion study — BESM-4 / 1968
§02

Archived research / computer-generated motion

The Experiment.

In 1968, Soviet mathematicians led by Nikolai Konstantinov developed a mathematical model of a walking cat. The experiment became one of the earliest examples of computer-generated character animation.

01
Year of creation
1968
02
Location
Moscow, Soviet Union
03
Research lead
Nikolai Konstantinov
04
Computer
BESM-4
05
Method
Mathematical modeling of movement using differential equations
06
Output
Character-based frames printed on paper, photographed and assembled into an animated film

The machine calculated the movement of the cat's body and legs. Instead of rendering modern digital graphics, the computer produced images through printed characters. The resulting frames were photographed in sequence, creating the illusion of continuous movement.

Light silhouette of the walking cat formed from a grid of printed characters
Fig. 02 — Frame specimen, character-grid print
  1. Mathematical model
  2. BESM-4
  3. Printed frames
  4. Film

Process schematic

§03

KITTY / The first digital cat / 1968

The Lore.

Close-up of KITTY's dark face with pale eyes, whiskers and a toothy grin
Fig. 03 — Facial study, KITTY / 1968

The first digital cat was born in 1968.

Today is Global Cat Day.

We all know how much the trenches love animals. Especially cats.

Cats have become a huge part of internet culture, spawned thousands of memes, and even keep appearing in the names of new AI models.

But I want to remind you of one true OG that most people have never even heard of.

KITTY — 1968.

58 years ago.

Back in 1968, long before personal computers became a part of everyday life, a group of Soviet mathematicians led by Nikolai Konstantinov created one of the earliest examples of computer character animation.

And that character was a cat.

To bring KITTY to life, scientists mathematically calculated the movements of its body and legs.

The BESM-4 computer processed the calculations and printed hundreds of frames on paper using ordinary characters.

Those frames were then photographed and transformed into an actual animated film.

This is how KITTY came to life — one of the earliest computer-animated characters in history.

And all of this happened before the internet.

Decades before the first cat memes, YouTube, and memecoins, a cat was already moving through a computer-generated animation.

Today, technology has reached generative AI, and cats are still part of digital culture.

Cats were part of the digital world long before the internet made them famous.

$KITTY

THE FIRST DIGITAL CAT. 1968.

§04

Archived animation / 1968

The Original Record.

Front-facing KITTY with distinctive eyes, whiskers and smile
Fig. 04 — Original visual reference
  1. 01

    Original motion picture / KITTY / 1968

    Kitty (Кошечка), 1968

    Watch the surviving computer animation that helped establish the history of digitally generated characters.

    Watch original film ↗
  2. 02

    Historical coverage / Nerdist

    The First-Ever Computer Animated Character Is a Creepy Cat

    A look back at the early computer-generated cat and the mathematical experiment behind its creation.

    Read article ↗
  3. 03

    Original research / 1968

    Кошечка — Mathematical Animation Archive

    Historical background and technical documentation of the BESM-4 animation experiment.

    View research ↗
KITTY walking, final frame

Kitty

1968

THE FIRST DIGITAL CAT.

— End of record —